XPath is short for XML Path Language, originally designed to navigate XML documents. Because modern HTML is structured like XML, Selenium can apply XPath to traverse and identify elements in a webpage’s DOM (Document Object Model). While Selenium provides other locators such as ID, Name, or CSS selectors, XPath remains uniquely powerful because it can address virtually any element—even when no clean identifiers exist. https://testomat.io/blog/xpath-in-selenium/